There are a few bright spots as hedge fund managers come off a dismal year for hedge fund performance. Two hedge fund strategies are showing the biggest inflow from investors looking to cash in on volatility.

Discretionary and systematic macro funds, which actively trade across all asset classes, showed a net inflow of $7.9 billion in the fourth quarter of 2011, according to data from Hedge Fund Research published in Hedge Funds Review.

A macro fund takes either long or short positions in various equity, fixed income, currency, and futures markets, depending on a manager’s view about overall economic or political situations in various countries or regions.

The other strong performer was relative value arbitrage strategies, which had net capital inflows of $5.9 billion in Q4 2011. Relative value arbitrage seeks to take advantage of price differentials between related financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, by simultaneously buying and selling the different securities, thereby allowing investors to potentially profit from a difference in value in the two securities.

Relative value arbitrage was the only overall hedge fund strategy category to generate positive performance in 2011, with gains of 0.51% for the year, according to Hedge Funds Review.

“Investors have been following “a consistent theme of reducing directional equity market beta while increasing exposure to currency, commodity and fixed income strategies,” said Kenneth Heinz, president of Hedge Fund Research.

Despite less-than-stellar returns, investors still allocated $70 billion of net new capital across the board to all hedge fund strategies in 2011. And performance gains by some of the larger, more established hedge funds helped lift the total assets for the industry up to $2.01 trillion.

Funds of funds, however, have continued to see their assets shrink, as investors withdrew roughly $8 billion last year. Total assets managed by FoF managers have fallen to $629 from $673, due to outflows, poor performance, and perhaps investors questioning the value of an extra layer of hedge fund fees.

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Not only did several high-profile hedge fund managers such as John Paulson have a tough year in 2011, it now appears that performance data for the entire industry is being called into question.

Research indicates that the aggregate data used by hedge funds to justify their performance edge has been systematically inflated or manipulated, writes James Saft in an article published by Reuters. He cites a study by academics Adam L. Aiken, Christopher P. Clifford and Jesse Ellis which indicates that the hedge fund industry may be over-reporting its returns to investors.

The reason is that participating in hedge fund indices, which are used to tout performance and attract investors, is entirely voluntary. This means that well-known hedge fund benchmarks may overestimate returns for the industry, because poor-performing funds can simply choose not to submit their statistics.

“The industry is like a poker player who tells you about his big wins, but changes the subject to sports when he’s on a losing streak,” writes Saft.

What’s more, the hedge fund industry claims that funds regularly rack up 3 to 5 percent of “alpha” on top of market-driven beta, on a risk-adjusted basis, but may be spurious as well. By adjusting for the self-selecting behavior mentioned above, the study authors calculate that most funds generate an alpha of only 0.20 percent annually.

“Rather than fund managers having the ability to consistently deliver superior risk-adjusted returns, it appears that much of the previously documented skill of hedge fund managers can be explained by the upwardly biased returns data employed by researchers,” the study authors concluded.

All this points to a major challenge for hedge fund marketers in 2012. Not only will you have to contend with disappointing returns from last year. You will have to work doubly hard to counter the arguments being made against the hedge fund value proposition, and prove to current and new investors that participating your fund does in fact justify the added expense.

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